Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 17 de 17
Filter
1.
Rev. MED ; 28(2): 103-110, jul.-dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406910

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El embarazo ectópico se define como la Implantación del saco gestaclonal fuera del útero y representa el 3 % de todos los embarazos. La ubicación anatómica más frecuente es en la trompa uterina, en donde se presenta en un 95 %, dejando así un 5 % a otras localizaciones como el ovario, la cavidad abdominal, cervlcouterina y cicatriz uterina previa. El caso es relevante por su baja prevalencia y por los hallazgos ecográficos, las posibles opciones terapéuticas para la paciente y los hallazgos intraoperatorios. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, utilizando bases de datos como PubMed, Medline y Science Direct, con el fin de evaluar y analizar el estado del arte de esta condición patológica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un embarazo de 7 semanas localizado a nivel ístmico cervical por ecografía, inicialmente tratada de manera conservadora con Metotrexato (MTX) sistémico, sin respuesta al tratamiento, por lo cual requirió intervención quirúrgica y preservación de la fertilidad. Se realiza una revisión actualizada del tema con los diferentes enfoques terapéuticos.


Abstract: Ectopic pregnancy is defined as the implantation of the gestational sac outside the uterus and it represents 3% of all pregnancies. The most frequent anatomical location is in the uterine tube, where it occurs in 95% of the cases, thus leaving 5% to other locations such as the ovary, the abdominal cavity, the cervix and a previous uterine scar. The case is relevant because of its low prevalence and because of the ultrasound findings, the possible therapeutic options for the patient, and the intraoperative findings. A literature review was carried out, using databases such as PubMed, Medline and Science Direct, in order to evaluate and analyze the state of the art of this pathological condition. Here, we present the case of a patient with a 7-week pregnancy located at the cervical isthmus level by ultrasound, initially treated conservatively with systemic Methotrexate (MTX), with no response to the treatment, and therefore she required surgical intervention and preservation of fertility. An updated review of the subject is carried out with the different therapeutic approaches.


Resumo: A gravidez ectópica é definida como a Implantação do saco gestaclonal fora do útero e representa 3 % de todas as gestações. A localização anatómica mais frequente é na trompa uterina, onde é apresentada em 95 %, deixando assim 5 % a outras localizações, como ovário, cavidade abdominal, cervicouterina e cicatriz uterina prévia. O caso é relevante por sua baixa prevalência e pelos achados ecográficos, as possíveis opções terapêuticas para a paciente e os achados intraope-ratórios. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura com a utilização de bases de dados como PubMed, Medline e Science Direct, a fim de avaliar e analisar o estado da arte dessa condição patológica. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com uma gravidez de sete semanas localizada no nível Istmo cervical por ecografia, inicialmente tratada de maneira conservadora com metotrexato (MTX) sistémico, sem resposta ao tratamento, razão pela qual requiriu intervenção cirúrgica e preservação da fertilidade. Foi realizada uma revisão atualizada do tema com diferentes abordagens terapêuticas.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390201

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los antidiabéticos orales (ADO) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 y con comorbilidades reumatológicas no han demostrado interacción relevante con fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad (DMARDs), se debe recordar que la toma de varios medicamentos eleva el riesgo de interacciones o efectos adversos sobre todo si estos tienen un metabolismo en el mismo órgano. El objetivo es dar a conocer que interacciones existen entre los ADO y los DMARDs, mediante la búsqueda de artículos de revisión, guías farmacológicas y estudios. El resultado más sobresaliente fue el hallazgo de un estudio que abarca el uso de un DPP-4 (inhibidor de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4) especificamente sitagliptina como efecto protector frente a la toxicidad producida por el metotrexato. En pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas y que padecen de diabetes mellitus 2, el uso de la hidroxicloroquina se ha comprobado que logra disminuir los niveles de lípidos, pero no específicamente como interacción medicamentosa con algún ADO, es una propiedad innata de la hidroxicloroquina. Se encontró evidencia de que existe correlación de hipoglicemia en pacientes que toman fármacos secretagogos y sulfazalacina.


ABSTRACT Oral antidiabetics drugs (OADs) in patients with diabetes mellitus 2 and with rheumatic comorbidities have not demonstrated relevant interaction with disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs). It should be remembered that taking several medications increases the risk of interactions or adverse effects especially if these have their metabolism in the same organ. The objective is to make known what interactions exist between OADs and DMARDs, by searching for review articles, pharmacological guides and studies. The most outstanding result was the finding of a study that covers the use of a DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor), specifically sitagliptin as a protective effect against the toxicity produced by methotrexate. In patients with rheumatic diseases who also suffer from diabetes mellitus 2, the use of hydroxychloroquine has been shown to reduce lipid levels, but not specifically as a drug interaction with any OADs, it is an innate property of hydroxychloroquine. Evidence was found that there is a correlation of hypoglycemia in patients taking secretagogue drugs and sulfasalazine.

3.
CES med ; 33(2): 119-125, mayo-ago. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055538

ABSTRACT

Resumen El metotrexato es un agente que antagoniza el metabolismo del ácido fólico reduciendo los niveles de tetrahidrofolato en las células, inhibiendo su replicación y la síntesis de proteínas. Actualmente, se emplea en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades malignas o inflamatorias. Tiene descritos numerosos efectos tóxicos, tanto a dosis altas en esquemas quimioterapéuticos como bajas de larga duración para inmunosupresión, los cuales incluyen compromiso hepático, neurológico, cutáneo, gastrointestinal y, con menor frecuencia, afección pulmonar y hematológica. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de edad avanzada quien se encontraba en tratamiento con metotrexato por más de cuatro años y acudió al servicio de urgencias con toxicidad severa resaltándose pancitopenia y concomitantemente choque séptico, quien, a pesar del manejo establecido, presentó evolución clínica desfavorable. Se resalta la importancia de tener en cuenta esta toxicidad dado su subregistro en Colombia y la repercusión que puede tener en un paciente incluso al establecer el manejo adecuado.


Abstract Methotrexate is an agent that antagonizes the metabolism of folic acid by reducing the levels of tetrahydrofolate in cells, which inhibits cellular replication and protein synthesis. It is currently used in the treatment of various malignancies and some inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It has described numerous toxic effects both at high doses in chemotherapeutic schemes and long-term low doses for immunosuppression; these include renal, hepatic, neurological, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and much less frequently pulmonary and hematological involvement. This article reports the case of an elderly patient who was in treatment with methotrexate for more than four years and went to the emergency department with severe toxicity highlighting pancytopenia and concomitant septic shock, whom despite the established management presented a poor response. The importance of taking into account this toxicity is highlighted given the underreporting in Colombia and the impact it can have on a patient even when establishing the appropriate management.

4.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 29(3): 268-271, jul.-set. 2019. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1023051

ABSTRACT

Os estudos com estatinas envolvendo desfechos clínicos mostraram que, mesmo atingindo as metas lipídicas, os pacientes que persistem com níveis aumentados de proteína C-reativa, têm maior risco de eventos cardiovasculares. A doença aterosclerótica das coronárias também apresentou maior regressão nos estudos com estatinas, quando ocorreu além de redução efetiva de LDL-colesterol, redução da proteína-C reativa. Nos últimos anos, dois importantes estudos com terapias anti-inflamatórias mostraram resultados divergentes. O estudo CANTOS, com o anticorpo monoclonal canaquinumabe, mostrou redução do eventocombinado de morte cardiovascular, infarto ou acidente vascular cerebral não fatais, e a magnitude do benefício foi associada ao grau de diminuição de marcadores inflamatórios, como proteína C-reativa ou interleucina 6. No estudo CIRT, os pacientes que receberam o anti-inflamatório metotrexato não tiveram redução de desfechos cardiovasculares, mas tampouco tiveram redução dos mencionados marcadores inflamatórios. Esses resultados, em conjunto, sugerem que o bloqueio específico de uma via inflamatória, como a citocina, pode ser mais relevante do que efeito anti-inflamatório per se e revela um caminho para diminuição do risco inflamatório residual


Studies with statins involving clinical endpoints have shown that, in spite of achieving lipid goals, patients with high levels of C-reactive protein are at higher risk for cardiovascular events. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease has also presented greater regression in studies with statins when, in addition to an effective reduction in LDL cholesterol, a reduction in C-reactive protein was achieved. In recent years, two important studies involving anti-inflammatory therapies reported divergent results. The CANTOS study, with the human monoclonal antibody canakinumab, showed a decrease in combined cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke events and the magnitude of that benefit was associated with the degree of reduction in the inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. In the CIRT study, patients who received the anti-inflammatory methotrexate did not have a decrease in cardiovascular outcomes, but neither was there a reduction in the inflammatory markers mentioned. Taken together, these results suggest that the specific blockade of an inflammatory pathway, such as that of cytokine,may be more relevant than the antiinflammatory effect per se and reveal a promising way to reduce the residual inflammatory risk


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronary Artery Disease , Evidence-Based Practice , Inflammation , Renin-Angiotensin System , Cardiovascular Diseases , Methotrexate , Risk Factors , Interleukin-6 , Interleukin-1 , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Anti-Inflammatory Agents
5.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 21(supl.1): e76, 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1099121

ABSTRACT

Las investigaciones en la última década han demostrado que el riesgo de desarrollar linfoma en pacientes con artritis reumatoide es el doble que el riesgo de la población general. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con datos de la magnitud de este problema en Cuba. Se presentan los casos de tres pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide seropositiva tratadas con metotrexate, que durante su evolución desarrollaron linfoma no Hodgkin. Las pacientes recibieron quimioterapia de primera línea y alcanzaron remisión total con supervivencia de tres años hasta el momento. El diagnóstico de las enfermedades linfoproliferativas en pacientes con artritis reumatoide es un desafío; por lo que es necesario un elevado índice de sospecha que, en ausencia de marcadores fiables de linfomagénesis, permita el manejo oportuno de estos pacientes(AU)


Research in the last decade has shown that the risk of developing lymphoma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is twice the risk of the general population. However, there is not data on the magnitude of this problem in Cuba.We present the cases of three patients with a diagnosis of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate who during their evolution developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.The patients received first-line chemotherapy and they achieved total remission with three-year survival so far.The diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a challenge; therefore, a high index of suspicion is necessary that, in the absence of reliable markers of lymphomagenesis, allows the timely management of these patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Survival , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy , Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome/complications , Survivorship
6.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 47(1)jan. - mar. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-913442

ABSTRACT

Gestação ectópica é a condição na qual ocorre implantação do embrião fora da cavidade uterina, sendo um dos locais mais raros as cicatrizes de histerotomia, objeto de estudo deste relato de caso. Paciente, 28 anos, procurou a emergência com queixa de dor em baixo ventre e sangramento vaginal discreto, beta-hCG positivo e ultrassonografia com diagnóstico de gestação ectópica com implantação na cicatriz da histerotomia prévia. Foi submetida a tratamento medicamentoso com metotrexate e acompanhada com dosagens seriadas de beta-hCG quantitativo. A terapêutica específica da gestação em cicatriz de cesárea prévia ainda não está bem estabelecida, portanto, segue o tratamento padrão das gestações ectópicas, o qual pode ser clínico ou cirúrgico dependendo das condições apresentadas pela paciente.


Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy outside the uterine cavity, one of the most uncommun place to occur is in a cesarean scar, which is the study object of this case report. Patient, 28, looked for help at emergency with complaint of pain in lower abdomen and discreet vaginal bleeding, positive beta-hCG and ultrasonography diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy implantated in the preview scar hysterotomy. She underwent a medicated treatment with methotrexate and monitored with serial measurements of quantitative beta-hCG. The specific therapy of cesarean scar pregnancy is not established yet, therefore, it follows the standard treatment of ectopic pregnancies, which can be clinical or surgical, depending on the patient's conditions.

7.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(6): 610-613, Dec. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899951

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El embarazo cervical es una forma rara del embarazo ectópico y representa < 1% de todos los embarazos ectópicos. Objetivo: Se presenta el caso de un embarazo ectópico cervical. Se realiza una revisión literaria sobre las diferentes opciones de manejo y tratamiento. Caso clínico: Mujer de 32 años en la semana 7+4 de embarazo en la que se objetiva un saco gestacional ístmico vascularizado, que ofrece dudas diagnósticas. Se establece el diagnóstico de embarazo ectópico cervical y se realiza un cerclaje por metrorragia. Conclusión: El embarazo ectópico cervical sigue siendo un reto importante en el campo del embarazo. El éxito del tratamiento conservador depende principalmente del diagnóstico precoz, lo que puede reducir las posibilidades de hemorragia grave y de histerectomía.


ABSTRACT Background: Cervical pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy and it represents <1% of all ectopic pregnancies. Objetive: The case of a cervical ectopic pregnancy is presented. A literary review is carried out on the different management and treatment options. Case report: A 32-year-old woman in week 7 + 4 of pregnancy in which is objetived a vascularized isthmic gestational sac, which ofeers diagnostic doubt. The diagnosis of ectopic cervical pregnancy is established and cercaclage is performed by metrorrhagia. Conclusion: Cervical ectopic pregnancy remains a major challenge in the field of early pregnancy. The success of conservative treatment depends primarily on early diagnosis, which may reduce the chances of severe bleeding and require a hysterectomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Pregnancy, Ectopic/surgery , Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnostic imaging , Cerclage, Cervical
8.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 43(3): 136-142, jul.-set. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-901320

ABSTRACT

El embarazo ectópico cornual o intersticial es una entidad rara, con alta morbilidad y mortalidad materna. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar un caso de embarazo ectópico cornual y tratado conservadoramente en el Hospital Ciro Redondo García. Artemisa. Cuba. La paciente es una mujer de 26 años que se atiende por infertilidad secundaria, quien acudió a consulta por amenorrea de 7 semanas, con prueba positiva para hormona gonadotrófica coriónica en orina. La ecografía mostró una imagen compatible con saco gestacional en región cornual derecha sin actividad cardíaca. La cavidad endometrial estaba vacía. Es tratada con dos dosis de metotrexate y conducta expectante. No presentó complicación en relación al embarazo ectópico cornual ni al uso del metotrexate y a los seis meses tuvo un nuevo embarazo que cursó sin complicaciones. El diagnóstico precoz del embarazo ectópico cornual y el uso de metotrexate representan una opción de tratamiento médico conservador y eficaz que evita la intervención quirúrgica(AU)


The cornual ectopic pregnancy is a rare entity, with high morbilidad and maternal mortality. The objective of paper is to present a case of cornual ectopic pregnancy treated conservatively at Ciro Redondo García Hospital, Artemisa, Cuba. The patient is a 26-year-old woman who was treated for secondary infertility, she attended the consultation for amenorrhea of 7 weeks, with positive test for HGC in urine. The ultrasound showed an image compatible with a gestational sac in the right cornual region without cardiac activity. The endometrial cavity was empty. She was treated with two doses of methotrexate and watchful waiting. There was no complication in relation to ectopic cornual pregnancy or the use of methotrexate and at six months. She had a new pregnancy with no complications. The early diagnosis of cornual ectopic pregnancy and the use of methotrexate represent a conservative and effective medical treatment option that avoids surgical intervention(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Pregnancy, Cornual/drug therapy , Pregnancy, Cornual/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy Complications/diagnostic imaging , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(3): 338-344, jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899914

ABSTRACT

ANECEDENTES El embarazo ectópico abdominal es raro; con baja incidencia y ausencia de sintomatología especifica que dificulta el diagnóstico y no existan criterios para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. OBJETIVO se presenta un caso de embarazo intra-ligamentario de 16 semanas de gestación y se hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre el manejo y comparación de los resultados. CASO CLÍNICO Mujer de 32 años de edad, gestas 3 partos 2; desconoce fecha de ultima menstruación; y control de la fertilidad con condón; acude por presentar dolor abdominal, sin datos de irritación peritoneal; se le realiza ultrasonido y se diagnostica embarazo de 16 semanas con muerte fetal; con sospecha embarazo abdominal; se realiza laparotomía exploradora para extracción fetal, dejando la placenta in situ, y manejo con metotrexate dejando la placenta in situ y egresado al tercer día sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN el embarazo abdominal es raro, de difícil diagnostico; que requiere la extracción quirúrgica y dejar la placenta in situ y manejo adyuvante con metrotexate; reportándose buenos resultados; pero, existe escasa información sobre la fertilidad futura.


BACKGROUND The abdominal ectopic pregnancy is rare; with low incidence and absence of specific symptomatology diagnosis difficult and there are no criteria for the diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE a case of intra-ligament 16 weeks of gestation pregnancy occurs and a review of literature on the handling and comparison of results is done. CASE REPORT Female 32 years old, deeds 3 births 2; known last menstrual period; and fertility control with a condom; comes because of abdominal pain without peritoneal irritation; Ultrasound was performed 16 weeks pregnant and diagnosed with fetal death; abdominal suspected pregnancy; laparotomy for fetal extraction is performed, leaving the placenta in situ, and leaving management methotrexate placental site and discharged on the third day uncomplicated. CONCLUSION abdominal pregnancy is rare, difficult to diagnose; requiring surgical removal and leave the spot and adjuvant use with methotrexate placenta; good results being reported; but there is little information on future fertility.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy, Abdominal/surgery , Pregnancy, Abdominal/drug therapy , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Laparotomy
10.
Rev. argent. dermatol ; 97(4): 30-38, dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-843100

ABSTRACT

El empleo de metotrexate como inmunoimodulador y antimetabolito, ha ido en aumento debido a su efectividad terapéutica, bajo costo y su esquema sencillo de dosis única semanal. Sin embargo, recientemente se han reportado efectos adversos graves relacionados con su administración, entre ellos la estomatitis. Las úlceras bucales son el efecto adverso oral más frecuente y se relacionan con la falta de administración complementaria de ácido fólico, iatrogenias ocasionadas por errores en la ingestión o interacciones farmacológicas.


The use of methotrexate as immunomodulator and antimetabolite has been increasing because of its therapeutic effectiveness, low cost, and simple scheme single dose weekly. However, have recently been reported serious adverse effects related to administration, including stomatitis. Mouth ulcers are the most frequent oral adverse effect and relate to the lack of supplemental folic acid, iatrogenic errors caused by ingestion or drug interactions.

11.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 66(1): 61-66, ene.-mar. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-749511

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: describir el caso de una paciente con embarazo abdominal a término y feto vivo, y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento, con énfasis en la extracción de la placenta y el uso de metotrexate para el manejo de la placenta residual. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente con un embarazo abdominal avanzado de 38 semanas y 5 días de gestación, atendida en un hospital público de referencia de mediana complejidad, ubicado en el departamento del Chocó, en la costa pacífica colombiana, quien fue llevada a cirugía por sufrimiento fetal agudo, feto en podálica y miomatosis uterina. Durante el procedimiento y como hallazgo incidental se encontró un embarazo abdominal, se obtuvo un feto vivo en buenas condiciones y se realizó extracción manual de la placenta, con buena evolución de la madre y el recién nacido. No se utilizó metotrexate como parte del manejo del tejido placentario residual. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Medline vía PubMed, Embase y la Biblioteca Cochrane, utilizando las siguientes palabras clave: embarazo abdominal, feto vivo, metotrexate, placenta. Resultados: en total se encontraron 31 artículos relacionados con el tema, de los cuales se seleccionaron 23 para la revisión: 18 eran reportes de casos, 4 artículos de revisión de la literatura y una carta al editor. Conclusión: el embarazo abdominal avanzado es una rara entidad con alta tasa de morbi-mortalidad materna y perinatal. A pesar de los adelantos en la ultrasonografía, continúa siendo subdiagnosticado. Su manejo debe ser en un tercer nivel, con un equipo multidisciplinario y con disponibilidad de productos sanguíneos. Faltan estudios que permitan incluir y valoren la seguridad del metotrexate y de la extracción de la placenta en los protocolos de manejo en el embarazo abdominal avanzado.


Objectives: To describe the case of a patient delivered at term of a live foetus after abdominal pregnancy, and to conduct a review of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment with emphasis on placental extraction and the use of methotrexate for the management of the residual placenta. Materials and methods: Case presentation of a patient with advanced abdominal pregnancy of 38 weeks and 5 days of gestation seen at an intermediate complexity public referral hospital located in the Department of Chocó on the Pacific Coast of Colombia. The patient was taken to surgery due to acute foetal distress, breech presentation and uterine myomatosis. The abdominal pregnancy was found incidentally during the procedure. A live foetus was delivered in good condition, the placenta was removed manually and the mother and neonate evolved satisfactorily. Methotrexate was not used as part of the management of the residual placental tissue. A search of the literature was conducted in the Medline database through PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library, using the following key words: abdominal pregnancy, live foetus, methotrexate, placenta. Results: At total of 31 articles on the topic were found and 23 were selected for the review: 18 case reports, 4 literature review articles and one letter to the editor. Conclusion: Advanced abdominal pregnancy is a rare entity associated with high maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. Despite advances in ultrasound, this entity is still underdiagnosed. It must be managed in a level III hospital by a multidisciplinary team, with blood products available. Studies leading to the inclusion and assessment of the safety of methotrexate and placental extraction in the management protocols for advanced abdominal pregnancy are needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Abdominal , Placenta
12.
Rev. méd. Paraná ; 73(2): 38-41, 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1363644

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de efeitos colaterais em usuários de metotrexate (MTX) para artrite reumatoide e lúpus. Material e métodos: Foram revisados os prontuários de 49 usuários de MTX para alterações de provas de função hepática, ocorrência de citopenias e de pneumonites inersticiais. Foram coletados dados como tempo de uso, dose semanal de metotrexate, doença de base e que indicou a medicação e associação com outros modificadores de doença Resultado: Cerca de 12% dos pacientes desenvolveram efeitos colaterais requerendo a retirada da droga. O efeito colateral mais comum foi alteração de transaminases. Estas alterações não dependeram de dose semanal usada (p=0,54 para SGOT e p=0,95 para SGPT), nem do tempo de uso (SGOT com p=0,59 e SGPT com p=0,40), mas foram mais comum em usuários de associação com sulfassalazina (p=0,0029). Pneumonite intersticial foi vista em 4,08% dos casos sendo todos os pacientes com esta complicação portadores de artrite reumatóide. Citopenia apareceu em somente 1 paciente. Conclusão: O uso de MTX demonstrou ser seguro em pacientes com doenças reumáticas.


Objective: To verify the prevalence of collateral side effects in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus MTX treated patients. Material and methods: We reviewed 49 charts of MTX users for hepatic dysfunction, cytopenias and interstitial pneumonitis occurrence. Data from treatment duration, weekly used doses, associations with other disease modifying agents and disease that indicated the treatment were also collected. Results: In was found that there were side effects that precluded further drug use in 12% of patients. The commonest was raised transaminases. This side effect wasn't associated with weekly MTX dose (p=0.54 for SGOT and p=0.95 for SGPT), neither with treatment time (SGOT with p=0.59 and SGPT with p=0.40). A relationship of raised transaminases and use of associated sulfassalazine was found (p=0.0029). Interstitial pneumonitis was seen in 4.08% of patients being all of them rheumatoid arthritis patients. Cytopenia appeared in just one patient. Conclusion: The MTX use was found to be safe in rheumatic diseases patients.

13.
Invest. clín ; 55(1): 15-22, mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-746281

ABSTRACT

El metotrexate (MTX) es uno de los medicamentos frecuentemente utilizados en el cáncer infantil señalándose además, como agente citotóxico de la mucosa bucal, que puede desencadenar el proceso inflamatorio e incremento de la vascularidad en los tejidos epiteliales durante las fases iniciales de la mucositis oral. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la producción de citocinas proinflamatorias IL-1b, IL-6 y TNF-a en cultivos de células epiteliales tratadas con MTX. Se realizaron cultivos de células epiteliales de laringe humana obtenidas de la línea celular Hep-2, con diferentes dosis de MTX en distintos tiempos de incubación, y a su vez se analizó la citotoxicidad del fármaco mediante el ensayo colorimétrico, el cual se basa en la reducción metabólica del bromuro de 3-(4,5- dimetiltiazol-2-ilo)-2,5-difeniltetrazol (MTT), y la producción de citocinas proinflamatorias mediante el ensayo inmuno enzimático indirecto (ELISA). En cuanto a los resultados se observó, que los cultivos de células Hep-2 presentaron aumento en la producción de las citocinas proinflamatorias a las 72 horas al utilizar las dosis de 0.32µM MTX. Estos resultados sugieren que la dosis y el tiempo de exposición del MTX alteran la fisiología de las células epiteliales humanas, lo cual podrían desempeñar un papel importante durante las fases de iniciación y de desarrollo de la mucositis oral.


Methotrexate (MTX), a drug commonly used in childhood cancer, has also been indicated as a cytotoxic agent of the oral mucosa, which can trigger the inflammatory process and increase the vascularity of epithelial tissues during the early stages of oral mucositis. The aim of this study was to determine the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-6 y TNF-a in epithelial cell cultures treated with MTX. Epithelial cells of human larynx, obtained from the cell line Hep-2, were cultured with different doses of MTX during different incubation times. The drug cytotoxicity was analyzed by means of the colorimetric test, which is based on the metabolic reduction of the bromide of 3-(4, 5-dimetiltiazol-2-ilo)-2,5-difeniltetrazol (MTT); and the proinflammatory cytokines production by the test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cultures of HEp-2 cells showed increased production of proinflammatory cytokines at 72 hours with 0.32µM of MTX. These results suggest that depending on the dose and exposure time, MTX alters the physiology of human epithelial cells, which may play an important role during the phases of initiation and development of oral mucositis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis , /biosynthesis , Methotrexate/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival , Carcinoma/pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Inflammation , Interleukin-1beta/genetics , /genetics , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Tetrazolium Salts , Thiazoles , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
14.
Acta bioeth ; 18(2): 147-153, nov. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687031

ABSTRACT

El embarazo tubario (ET) es la implantación de un óvulo fertilizado en la trompa uterina. El hecho es que el ET seguirá presentándose muchas veces al médico en forma de un isodio clínico urgente de hemorragia intraabdominal. El médico puede dar entonces por segura la muerte del embrión e intervendrá para extirpar los restos embrionarios y la trompa perforada y sangrante. Conseguirá así revertir la grave amenaza inmediata a la vida de la madre. El tratamiento médico con metotrexate (MTX) es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo en el tratamiento del embarazo ectópico, sin los riesgos potenciales de la cirugía. La acción del médico no será atentar directamente sobre el embrión, sino sobre la causa de la patología, que quizás provoque la muerte del embrión. La intervención medicamentosa en estos casos ha sido considerada por algunos como una forma de aborto indirecto y, por tanto, en apreciación de la invulnerabilidad de la vida humana, un acto antiético. Pero la argumentación ética sobre el objetivo de esta intervención puede ser postulada bajo el principio del doble efecto.


Ectopic pregnancy (EP) consists in the implantation of a fertilized ovule in the fallopian tube. The fact is that EP will continue to appear many times to physicians in the form of an urgent clinical episode of intra abdominal bleeding. The physician may consider then as certain the death of the embryo and he/she will intervene to extirpate the embryo remains and the bleeding and perforated fallopian tube. In this way he/she will revert the serious immediate threat to the life of the mother. The medical treatment with metotrexate (MTX) is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy, without the potential risks of surgery. The act of the physician will never be to attempt directly against the embryo, but on the cause of the pathology, that may provoke the death of the embryo. The medical intervention in these cases has been considered by some as a type of indirect abortion and, therefore, an act contrary to ethics, considering the invulnerability of human life. But the ethical argumentation about the objective of this intervention may be posed under the principle of double effect.


A gravidez tubária (GT) é a implantação de um óvulo fertilizado na trompa uterina. O fato é que a GT seguirá apresentando-se muitas vezes ao médico em forma de um episódio clínico urgente de hemorragia intra-abdominal. O médico pode dar então por seguro a morte do embrião e intervirá para extirpar os restos embrionários e a trompa perfurada e sangrante. Conseguirá assim reverter a grave ameaça imediata à vida da mãe. O tratamento médico com metotrexate (MTX) é um procedimento seguro e efetivo no tratamento da gravidez ectópica, sem os riscos potenciais da cirurgia. A ação do médico não será nunca atentar diretamente contra o embrião, senão sobre a causa da patologia, que quiçá provoque a morte do embrião. A intervenção medicamentosa nestes casos tem sido considerada por alguns como uma forma de aborto indireto e, portanto, em apreciação da invulnerabilidade da vida humana, um ato antiético. Porém, a argumentação ética sobre o objetivo desta intervenção pode ser postulada sob o princípio do duplo efeito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Bioethics , Pregnancy, Tubal/drug therapy , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Pregnancy, High-Risk
15.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 4(2): 23-29, dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-884889

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se define al embarazo ectópico como la implantación del blastocisto en cualquier lugar distinto de la cavidad endometrial. La trompa de Falopio es el lugar más común, siendo responsable del 95% de los embarazos ectópicos. Su frecuencia ha experimentado un incremento en los últimos 20 años y se ha estimado en 14,3 a 16 embarazos ectópicos por cada 1000 embarazos informados. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de casos de embarazo ectópico y sus características clínicas. Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, de corte transversal, basado en las historias clínicas de pacientes que consultaron al Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción en el año 2011. Fueron estudiadas la edad, motivo de consulta, edad gestacional al momento del diagnóstico, sitio de implantación del embarazo, tratamiento empleado y días de internación hasta el momento del alta. Resultados: la prevalencia de embarazos ectópicos hallada fue 1,47%. La edad media fue 29±5 años. El motivo más frecuente de consulta fue dolor abdominal. La edad gestacional promedio al momento de la consulta fue 6,5±1,8 semanas. El sitio más frecuente de localización fue el tubárico (84%). El tratamiento de elección fue el quirúrgico recurriendo al tratamiento médico en sólo tres oportunidades. La media del tiempo de internación fue 3,6±3 días. Conclusión: la prevalencia de embarazo ectópico fue 1,47% en el año 2011. La edad media fue 29 años, se presentó en las trompas de Falopio en 87% y requirió un promedio de 3,6 días de internación.


Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is defined as implantation of the blastocyst in any place other than the endometrial cavity. The fallopian tube is the most common, accounting for 95% of ectopic pregnancies. Its frequency has been increasing in the last 20 years, and has been estimated at 14.3 to 16 per 1000 ectopic pregnancies reported. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy and their clinical characteristics. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed, based on the medical records of patients who consulted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Asunción in 2011. We studied the age, chief complaint, gestational age at diagnosis, site of implantation of pregnancy, treatment used and length of hospitalization until the time of discharge. Results: The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was 1.47%. Mean age was 29 ± 5 years. The most common chief complaint was abdominal pain. The mean gestational age at the time of the consultation was 6.5 ± 1.8 weeks. The most common anatomical site was the tubal location (84%). The treatment of choice was surgery, recurring to medical treatment in only three chances. The mean length of stay was 3.6 ± 3 days. Conclusion: The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was 1.47% in 2011. Mean age was 29 years, located in the fallopian tubes in 87% and required an average of 3.6 days hospitalization.

16.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 144(5): 449-451, sept.-oct. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568024

ABSTRACT

La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad reumática frecuente en nuestro país. El metotrexate es uno de los fármacos más utilizados en este padecimiento, sin embargo, un porcentaje alto de pacientes suspende el tratamiento debido a los efectos adversos. Varios estudios han analizado los polimorfismos C677T y A1298C del gen de la enzima metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR) en pacientes con artritis reumatoide en relación con la eficacia, efectos colaterales y toxicidad que presentan con el metotrexate. Mediante técnicas moleculares factibles en nuestro país, como la PCR-RFLP, es posible determinar el polimorfismo MTHFR C677T, cuya frecuencia alélica en México es alta, en pacientes con artritis reumatoide con el fin de identificar a quienes tendrán mayor riesgo para presentar toxicidad y efectos colaterales y a quienes responderán mejor al metotrexate, permitiendo así un tratamiento más individualizado, objetivo de la farmacogenómica..


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common rheumatic disease in Mexico. Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug frequently used in the treatment of this disease. However, treatment discontinuation due to side effects is also common. Inter-individual differences in effectiveness and occurrence of side effects in RA patients treated with MTX (RA-MTX) have been reported. Several studies analyzed the presence of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in RA-MTX patients associated with effectiveness, side effects and toxicity. Given the high frequency of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in Mexico, it is of utmost interest to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency of these polymorphisms in patients with RA-MTX. The use of molecular techniques, feasible in our country, such as PCR/RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) can allow us to identify these MTHFR genotypes among RA-MTX patients in order to target patients at risk of developing drug toxicity, side effects or better MTX efficacy. The ultimate goal is to develop individualized treatment, as promised by the field of pharmacogenomics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antirheumatic Agents , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , Methotrexate/pharmacology , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Pharmacogenetics
17.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 15(2): 285-289, jul.-dic. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-637379

ABSTRACT

La enzima dihidrofolato reductasa está implicada en la producción de la base pririmidínica timidina, componente esencial de la estructura del ADN. Por tanto, cualquier sustancia que la inhiba tiene como efecto la inhibición de la síntesis del ADN, y es potencialmente útil para el tratamiento de varios tipos de cáncer como leucemias linfoblásticas. En este trabajo se determina el grado de inhibición que los extractos etanólicos obtenidos de las esponjas marinas colombianas Svenzea zeai, Amphimedon compressa, Ircinia campana, Aplysina archeri, Xestospongia proxima y Xestospongia muta, presentan sobre la enzima purificada de origen humano dihidrofolato reductasa. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los extractos de estas esponjas inhiben esta enzima. Estos resultados se comparan con los del medicamento usado contra el cáncer, Metotrexate®, el cual se utiliza como control de inhibición de los ensayos y se observa que algunas de las esponjas tienen mayor inhibición que este medicamento.


Dihydrofolate reductase is an enzyme involved in the production of pyrimidinic base timidin, a structural component of DNA, therefore whatever substance that inhibit this enzyme inhibit the DNA synthesis as a consequence and it can be potentially useful as a treatment of several types of cancer like lymphoblastic leukemias. In this work we determinate the inhibition grade that the ethanol extracts from Colombian marine sponges: Svenzea zeai, Amphimedon compressa, Ircinia campana, Aplysina archeri, Xestospongia proxima y Xestospongia muta, over the human purified enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. The results shown that most of marine sponge extracts inhibite the enzyme. Results are compared with methotrexate® a medicament used against cancer which is used as a control for the bioassays. Results demonstrate that some of the analyzed extracts have more inhibition than the control metotrexate®.

SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL